Análise do panorama nutricional de uma comunidade quilombola da Amazônia maranhense na pandemia da Covid-19

Abstract

Introduction: Quilombola communities have indicators of multiple vulnerabilities related to access, consumption and biological use of food, social, economic and nutritional status which are used to characterize Food and Nutrition Security. Objective: Evaluate the nutritional outlook of quilombola families in the Imbiral Cabeça-Branca community during Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a transversal study accomplished inside the quilombola community Imbiral Cabeça-Branca, in Pedro do Rosário, MA, Brazil. Twenty-five heads of households, both sexes, are part of this study. Participants' data were collected at their homes, where they had their anthropometric measurements taken, they answered socioeconomic and sociodemographic forms, a 24-hour Food Record and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The data were processed using the STATA 16® program. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão. Results: Regarding socioeconomic and sociodemographic indicators, most are women (52.0%), which have partners (64.0%), they have low schooling (56.0%), 68.0% were unemployed and 76.0% are beneficiaries of emergency aid social programs. The household density in the community is, on average, four residents (80.0%), the material of the houses is mud (mud houses) (100%), there is no basic sanitation (100%), water for consumption comes from artisanal wells (100%), but they have electricity (100%). As for nutritional results, among male heads of household 66.7% are with adequate weight and 33.3% are overweight. Among women, 53.8% are at an adequate weight, 30.8% are overweight and 15.4% are obese. In relation to food consumption, monotony was observed in the menu, with the most consumed foods being sweetened coffee, white rice, freshwater fish and cassava flour, and low consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes. Food insecurity was identified in all families, with the severe form being more expressive in families headed by single men., the elderly, individuals with low education and unemployed, mainly motivated by the restrictions of the pandemic, unemployment and the non-titling of their families. lands. Conclusion: The precarious living conditions, insufficient access to health, education and income services, unemployment, poor diet and hunger, mainly motivated by the restrictions of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of title to their lands, were determining factors for the Food Insecurity of quilombolas in the Imbiral Cabeça Branca community.