Da religião tutelar ao pseudo-serviço: uma contraposição entre a concepção de autonomia em Kant e o fundamentalismo religioso

Abstract

This master’s degree dissertation is an analysis of religious fundamentalism, specifically Christian Protestantism fundamentalism, and how this can become an obstacle to autonomy. Autonomy revindication and thinking of religion is not only a discussion these days but in the 18th century, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, developed, not only a defense of the autonomy thinking but also had made several critics to different ranges, including the religious one, which acted in a tutelar way, motivating what he called minority. Altogether, religion was highly criticized, therefore, it was considered the criticism directed at the Enlightenment Period, looking for an understanding of what, in that context, promotes this position, focusing on the Kantian thinking. To illustrate that the relationship between religion and thinking is not incompatible, that’s why religion in Kant is related to morals which are the essence of religion to the philosopher, which leads to comprehending it as something intrinsic to the thinking field, that is, the field of autonomous thinking. This aspect, regarding the religious theme, was explained in his work “Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason”, and this research has mainly focused on tutelar religion concepts and pseudo-service expounded in the fourth part of that work, searching for how a statuary church, can establish itself as a tutor of individuals and promotes heteronomy, which conduces, consequently, to a religion not only an example of what would be a minority but also promotes itself the perpetuation of the minority. Thus, the aim is to comprehend how Christian religious fundamentalism can behave like an agent of heteronomy and how this movement could be understood as an obstacle to the autonomy defended by Kant.