A interação Rio-Mar no município de Arari, Estado do Maranhão

Abstract

The geographic approach analyzes space from observations of environmental phenomena on a spatial and temporal scale, to identify the characteristics of the environment as fundamental conditions for society to meet its needs. The systemic analysis allows us to dimension the recurring processes in a given environment, identifying its elements and attributes, as well as the processes that shape it. In the municipality of Arari, state of Maranhão, the river system represented by the interaction of the Mearim River with the sea, enables the fulfillment of several needs of society, such as water supply, fishing, navigability and provides the occurrence of the pororoca phenomenon, which allows the practice of surfing in the pororoca putting the city in media projection, which promotes adventure tourism that contributes to socioeconomic aspects, although the phenomenon causes negative socioenvironmental impacts, by the intrusion of salt water, erosive processes, among others. Through a systemic approach, qualitative and quantitative methodology, bibliographic review and the use of direct observation techniques, geoprocessing and perception of residents, it was analyzed the environmental dynamics of the portion of the city subject to the action of the fluviomarine system in the segment of the Mearim River that permeates the city using as references, satellite images from the year 1976 and 2021, as well as the identification and classification of physical, biotic and anthropic features. The results showed that the interaction of the river-water system with the other environmental systems promoted a high environmental dynamic in the period, whose consequences were classified as positive, negative or mixed, among which are: the availability of water for various uses; the pororoca surfing and its socioeconomic repercussions, floods and their impacts, erosive processes that promote changes in the morphology of the channel, which resulted in losses of material and immaterial goods, and other impacts that imposed the need for adaptations of local communities.