Caracterização da microbiota associada a elasmobrânquios do litoral amazônico brasileiro

Abstract

Elasmobranchs constitute the most endangered vertebrate group around world, although most

studies emphasize this scenario due to overfishing motivated by the exploitation of their by- products, there are several types of anthropogenic impacts that are in evidence and are studied

through the application of methodologies emerging, approaches on biodiversity conservation to those dedicated to understanding the contamination processes in the description of contaminants and their metabolic implications. Despite the insipience of studies that have shown changes in the original configuration of natural habitats by urbanization processes, this line of research has great potential to growth, as they can vary from the effects of suppression of mangroves, landfills, changes in local water dynamics to the consequences caused by pollution from discharges of domestic and industrial effluents. In the state of Maranhão, precisely on the island of São Luis, the dynamics of the urbanization process over four decades has shown a notable transformation that begins with the implementation of the industrial district, installation of a large port complex and civil construction for the building hundreds of thousands of properties. Thus, this Master Science Thesis was concerned with generating a Baseline on the Elasmobranch-associated microbiota of the Brazilian Amazon Coast, as it corresponds to a subject with great global relevance due to the speed at which the environments are changing and the fact that the microorganisms have a short life cycle, generational period resulting from extremely fast reproduction and great mutation potential, which can be used as sentinels in environmental monitoring. For this, three studies were developed involving a scientometric review and two unpublished studies that sampled elasmobranchs in the Gulf of the Maranhão. The first chapter consisted of a review of scientific studies published in the last three decades on the Elasmobranch-associated microbiota, usually composed of bacteria and/or fungi, which showed how the subject is still globally incipient and can become very worrying due to mutations of microorganisms regarding resistance to some drugs. The second chapter conducted to investigation into the bacterial composition of the enteric microbiota of sharks and batoids captured in the Gulf of the Maranhão, while the third chapter described the composition of the fungal microbiota of sharks and batoids commercialized in supermarkets or public markets on the Maranhão Island, emphasizing the concern with food safety. The results of the Master Science Thesis reveal that there is great concern about environmental change, with increased potential resistance of microorganisms and concern about the combination of these two factors in the generation of complications in treatments in the future, as well as the need for greater hygienic control -sanitary in the productive chain of fisheries resources. Because most of the bacteria found in the elasmobranchs studied here are registered for the first time and some genera of fungi identified are producers of mycotoxins and diseases to human beings.