Aspectos da dinâmica sócioambiental da hanseníase no município de Buriticupu, Estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic disease, infectious and contagious, caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacillus, capable of infecting a large number of individuals (high infectivity), though few get ill (low pathogenicity). These properties do not occur only in function of the characteristics of the etymologic agent, they rely on the relation with the host and the degree of endemicity in the middle. In the City of Buriticupu, State of Maranhão, shows a history of endemicity. In the year 2010, 70 cases were registered; 2011, 50 cases; In 2012, 42; 2013 were registered 69 and in 2014, 41 cases. However, even though it had a reduction, the city is considered hyperendemic. In the years of 2015, 2016, 2017, the medium of cases was 35 per year in each year. This fact enables the possibility to question, if the socioeconomics characteristics have an influence on the behavior of the disease in the city. Objective: Analyze the aspects of the social environment dynamic of the leprosy in Buriticupu City, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Methodology: The research, uses the approach of the descriptive quantitative method, part of the understanding and applications of statistic methods, which goes from organization to multivariate analysis of the acquired data, considering the functionalism, empirical techniques and quantitative, which uses questionnaires as instruments of investigation and makes its analysis based on the elements of descriptive statistics. Results: The schooling presented statistic association relevant with the operational forms of leprosy, with p-value de (0.0087), in which 57.14% of the interviewed had only the primary school degree. The clinical forms which prevailed were multibacillary with 79% of the cases. Conclusion: Taking into consideration, that the heaviest forms of leprosy affect the non literate or primary schooling incomplete, having the association of this fact to the late diagnosis of the disease, or the lack of orientation and information, considering the profile of maranhense population with low indexes regarding education.