A cultura material escolar no Lyceu Maranhense (1838-1889)

Abstract

This work has as object of research the school material culture at Lyceu Maranhense in the 19th century, conceived as a set of artifacts used for teaching, structural aspects and other material conditions related to the functioning and organization of the school, focusing here on four categories of analysis: writing tool; school furniture; school books and; visual, sound and tactile materials. This study is linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education at UFMA in the line of research History, Educational Policies, Work and Human Formation, analyzing the representations of school objects on the dynamics of this institution in the period from 1838 to 1889, the from the mapping carried out with the sources. The theoretical-methodological assumptions of Cultural History are used, based on its three inseparable elements, and we are supported by bibliographic and documentary research: the first, based on the theory of school history and culture, on the history of Maranhão and the local press; the second, supported by newspapers, reports and official letters from the inspectors of public instruction and those of the provincial presidents, as well as the laws and regulations, where the influence that these artifacts exerted on the pedagogical practice of teachers in the institution is perceived, as well as the relationships that were established via materiality between the political, administrative and empirical cultures of the school. It is concluded that writing tools and school furniture constitute categories of materials that are daily used in pedagogical work and give evidence of the teaching processes at Lyceu Maranhense; the visual, sound and tactile materials, on the other hand, point to the influence that objects exert on pedagogical practice as necessary components for the realization of classes. The processes of acquiring school books through the Congregation of Teachers were the main way of selecting textbooks, having as a parameter the school's curricular structure; objectified knowledge that materialized in an intense and continuous production of books where the lecturers acted as authors and evaluators of the works, making Lyceu Maranhense, in all these aspects, the main educational institution in Maranhão Império.