Prevenção e controle da COVID-19: Estudo sobre a percepção e práticas no cotidiano das orientações médico-científicas pela população dos territórios de abrangência da Atenção Primária à Saúde em uma Unidade de Saúde em Imperatriz MA

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has put to the test the ability of governments to deal with urgent health needs that have emerged with the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the world. As a result, there was a race to increase the number of hospital beds and Intensive Care, as well as the dissemination of prevention and control measures, aimed at individuals and collectivities, based on the epidemiological characteristics of the virus. In this scenario, Primary Health Care (PHC) had great relevance in the prevention and control of new cases of the disease due to its high level of capillarity, first contact and the coordination of care. Objective: to analyze how the population of the territories covered by Primary Health Care perceive and translate COVID 19 prevention and control measures into everyday practices at the individual, family and collective levels. Method: a study was carried out with a quantitative-qualitative, cross sectional approach. The research was carried out in the territory covered by Primary Health Care. Data collection took place in two stages, the first carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire with closed questions, applied online and in the second a dialogic interview was carried out. Results: The study sample consisted of people aged between 18 and 82 years, with a predominance of individuals between 31 and 50 years old (32.4%), female (90.1%), married (36.6 %), who declared themselves mixed race (60.6%) and attended high school (40.8%). The majority (87.32%) of respondents recognize the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic; 91.5% of respondents said they used a mask to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2; 88.7% responded affirmatively to hand hygiene measures; In the qualitative analysis, the Descending Hierarchical Classification gave rise to five categories: Challenges Imposed by COVID-19; Family Concerns; Communication and Information Received by the Community; Measures to Confront the Pandemic and Search for Religious/Spiritual Comfort. Conclusion: It is concluded that the participants recognized the importance of preventive measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, conferring the receipt of information mainly to the television media; health professionals; friends, neighbors and relatives in addition to the social network, whatsapp, attributing greater reliability to the information received through television and health professionals. In addition, measures of social distancing and isolation made feelings of loneliness and fear emerge, as well as concerns about family members. However, the restrictions imposed by isolation have driven many people to find meaning in life through faith, as well as seeking spiritual comfort and hope at this time so ingrained with negative feelings. In this sense, studies that seek to understand subjects in their entirety, in their bio-psycho-socio spiritual context, are of great relevance, as they provide subsidies for health services, especially Primary Care, to work on health actions. within the local reality.