A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER EM SÃO LUÍS

Abstract

Gender violence is omnipresent in everyday life and, in this way, causes social, economic and psychological impacts, among others; in addition to making explicit the multiple socio-spatial inequalities. As a multidisciplinary object, the discussion from the feminist geographic science, proposed in this work, allowed us to investigate the phenomenon of gender violence, its influences on socio-spatial relations and distribution in intra-urban spaces. Therefore, the general objective was to analyze the socio-spatial distribution of violence against women in São Luís, from 2008 to 2019. The methodology was based on historical and dialectical materialism as a way of understanding and explaining the phenomenon in urban dynamics, supported by the quantitative and qualitative approach, using the Geographic Information System and secondary data from different public bodies, including the Specialized Police Service for Women, the Special Court for Combating Domestic and Family Violence against Women, the Reference Center of Assistance to Women in Situations of Violence in the Municipality of São Luís, Maranhense Institute for Socioeconomic and Cartographic Studies and the Maranhense Society for Human Rights. The analyzed data favor for apprehensions both about the profile of women victims of violence, characterized by the majority of young and adult women, aged between 18 and 34 years old, black, with a marital status with a long relationship with the aggressor, unemployed and without a fixed income, mother of 1 or 2 children, and responsible for the preservation of the family nucleus and the upbringing and education of children, as well as the profile of the aggressor, observing a high number of adult men, who had access to some degree of formal education, with jobs and fixed income above 1 minimum wage and without dependence on alcohol or psychoactive substances. The spatial dynamics of gender violence, in the period analyzed, revealed the distribution of the phenomenon in different ways in the neighborhoods of São Luís, especially among the poorest and peripheral, due to the materialization of socio-spatial segregation. However, this characteristic does not mean that violence is not found in neighborhoods with higher income populations, but rather that poorer women use more public services offered by the State. Based on the mapping of violence against women, the research showed that this phenomenon is trivialized due to the cultural values and institutions that perpetuate it, confirming the assumption that violence is widespread in the various intra-urban spaces of São Luís.