EVOLUÇÃO DA PAISAGEM NO MUNICÍPIO DE BACABEIRA – MA, A PARTIR DAS INSTALAÇÕES DESENVOLVIMENTISTAS NOS SÉCULOS XX E XXI

Abstract

Landscape changes are associated with natural phenomena and human actions, influenced by aspects related to culture and values attributed to environmental aspects. The municipality of Bacabeira, located in the State of Maranhão - Brazil, is a space of strategic location for industrial enterprises, because it facilitates the logistics in the cargo-carrying and people, and its proximity to the capital, São Luís, which awakens economic expectations of the population and governments. The objective of this research was to analyze the variables and factors of dynamization and evolution of the landscape in the municipality of Bacabeira, from the partial installations or planning of economic projects for the area. Historical Materialism, Oral History and Geosystemic Theory were the methods and theoretical current adopted for the development of the research and that guided the methodological procedures, which consisted in literature review and field research, in which observations were made in loco and applications of questionnaires with residents of the municipal capital and villages directly affected by the with major importance and economical magnitude, namely Periz de Baixo, Zé Pedro, Vidéo, Santa Quitéria and Salvaterra; companies operating in the mining sector, such as Brasil Mineração e Transporte LTDA; and retail trade. The landscape was spatialized on maps that present a configuration that has changed through the time and anthropic interference, which has influenced the evolution of the landscape of the municipality of Bacabeira, since the arrival of developments such as railroads, highways, companies in the sector mining, among others. From the research, it was possible to observe that the installation or planning of projects through the years that aimed at economic development in Bacabeira were followed by environmental and social impacts that changed the way of life of population, with impacts on cultural habits for adapt to the possibilities offered by the developments, in addition to negatively impacting the geodiversity and biodiversity of the area, when it was necessary to appropriate the natural space. The landscape was spatialized on maps that present a configuration that has changed through the time and anthropic interference, which has influenced the evolution of the landscape of the municipality of Bacabeira, since the arrival of developments such as railroads, highways, companies in the sector mining, among others. It is necessary to carry out studies in order to contribute to the understanding of this dynamic, in order to ensure measures that minimize impacts and prevent damage to the sustainability of the area regarding to environmental, social and economic issues.