Desigualdades raciais na mortalidade prematura e nos anos potenciais de vida perdidos por câncer de mama no Brasil

Abstract

Premature mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) for female breast cancer were analyzed, according to color/race, in Brazil, from 2000 to 2020. This is an ecological study, based on data aggregates data of breast cancer deaths, available on Open DataSUS. The data were corrected for unknown color/race and ill-defined causes, by redistribution in each year. The following were calculated: premature deaths from cancer sites with the highest mortality in the country and their proportions; proportional mortality curves and their trends by color/race according to the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model; numbers and proportions of deaths and YPLL according to color/race, in addition to medians of YPLL. Breast cancer was the main cause of premature female oncological death in Brazil during this period and this proportion increased in relation to other neoplastic causes. In absolute numbers, most deaths from breast cancer were in whites, but there was an effect of age on mortality, as there was a greater impact on browns and blacks under 54 years of age, with a significantly upward trend in the proportion of deaths from this type cause in these races. Between 65 and 69 years of age, there was a higher proportion of mortality among whites and a drop in this outcome among browns and blacks. Regarding the trend calculation, there are similarities between the three races, between 30 and 34 years old (neutral trend), 40 and 49 years old (decreasing trend) and 55 to 69 years old (ascending trend), but between 50 and 54 years old , the mortality data for whites tend to have a decreasing behavior, while the data for browns and blacks tend to be neutral. The proportions of YPLL up to 49 years were higher in browns and blacks and, in general, there was even a decline in the medians of YPLL for the three races, but higher among whites than between browns and blacks. It is concluded that brown and black women died more in earlier age groups and earlier from breast cancer than white women. These results can be useful for planning screening, diagnosis and timely treatment of this neoplasm, in order to better assist the most vulnerable groups.