Efetividade da Proteção do Patrimônio Fitoecológico Remanescente do Bioma Amazônico no Parque Estadual do Bacanga, Zona Costeira da Ilha do Maranhão

Abstract

The analysis of the effectiveness of protecting biological heritage in conservation units permeates an interdisciplinary context under different approaches, maintaining, however, a strong relationship with their direct management. The Bacanga State Park – (PEB) in São Luís, Maranhão, stands out with important environmental, social and ecosystemic relevance, as it shelters the last remnants of the Amazon biome of the Island of São Luís. Faced with the hypothesis that the strong anthropization around the unit, as well as the problems related to its management have resulted in low effectiveness of conservation of natural resources in the conservation unit - UC, the present study established as main objective to analyze the effectiveness of the actions of management to maintain the remainder of the Amazon biome in its interior. Among the steps carried out, we highlight the collection of data and aerial photographs, the proposal of classification of formal vegetation based on the REFLORA project of the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, the manual vectorization of the images to sectorize the classes in relation to the territory of the unit, the comparative calculations between two different historical moments (2011 and 1976) and the assessment of management effectiveness. This was characterized as low, given the considerable losses observed in the primary vegetation typologies and the increasing conversion of natural areas into anthropized environments. The terra firme forest fragment suffered a reduction of about 20.14% in extension in the period, while in 2011 this typology occupied only 9.46% of the total territory of the park, which demonstrates a significant urgency in the adoption of measures effective management strategies for the conservation of biodiversity.