Envolvimento do Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em carcinomas epidermóides de cabeça e pescoço nos hospitais de câncer de São Luís, Maranhão.

Abstract

Head and neck tumors are malignant neoplasms that show high prevalence and incidence in Brazil, making it the third country with the highest number of cases. The main risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption, however, the number of cases related to human papillomavirus (HPV) has been increasing, showing that there is a change in the disease profile. HPV infects basal cells of the epithelium causing benign or malignant proliferations, depending on the viral type. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of DNA-HPV in samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at cancer hospitals in São Luís, Maranhão. Retrospective study including cases of head and neck tumors diagnosed between 2014 and 2019. The survey of cases was carried out and the sociodemographic and clinical data were collected directly from the medical records, as well as the histopathological data of the reports. The genetic material was extracted from paraffinized samples and submitted to the PCR-Nested technique for HPV detection. 128 patients were included, of which 93 blocks were identified with Head and Neck Epidermoid Cacinoma. The prevalences of cancer were: oral cavity (7.44%), oropharynx (15.81%) and predominance of laryngeal cancer (73.12%). most of them belonging to the male gender (87.1%), color / brown race (77.4%) with a preponderance of origin from the interior (64.7%) and with a level of education 1st Degree Complete / Incomplete (54 , 8%). In addition, smoking and alcohol consumption had a prevalence of 35.5% and 41.9% respectively. Of the 93 patients with biological material analyzed, 4 (4.3%) had HPV infection, and 89 (95.7%) did not. Of these 4 samples, 2 (50%) HPV 16 was detected, and the other 2 (50%) it was not possible to identify the type of HPV present in the biological material, since the process of obtaining them has been carried out to detect all types of HPV. Thus, the importance of awareness about personal hygiene habits is constantly considered, in order to minimize high rates of head and neck cancers related to viral infection.