Caracterização química e avaliação do potencial biofarmacológico de Clusia grandiflora (CLUSIACEAE)

Abstract

Natural products have several metabolites with high therapeutic potential, given their wide chemical and biological diversity. Medicinal plants have been used empirically by the population to treat various diseases. Brazil stands out for the use of various medicinal plants in the treatment of different pathologies. In this perspective, the present study aimed to characterize the secondary metabolites present in the extract of the fruits of Clusia grandiflora, popularly known as “cebola berrante”; an expanded species in traditional medicine in the state of Maranhão; evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic (in vivo and in vitro) and antimicrobial potential in extracts and fractions, against two bacteria and one fungus. By Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) ten substances were identified, not crude extract (EBCG), and in the dichloromethane fraction (FDCG), eight substances belonging to the benzophenone class. The result of the antioxidant activity test revealed at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL, the crude extract inhibited 94.27% of the DPPH radical (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The biological results induced that the crude extract showed a cytotoxicity from the concentration of 10 mg/mL in the two tests performed (in vitro and in vivo), different from the fractions (dichloromethane and diarrhea) that did not dissipate in any of the evaluated evaluations. Studies were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extract and fractions through the microdilution test and agar diffusion test, in which the dichloromethane extract and fraction used showed promising antimicrobial activity evaluated in the three strains. By the agar diffusion test, the ethanolic extract was known to be active in the application tools evaluated against S.aureus, groups values lower than the fluconazole control (FLZ). The leishmanicidal activity showed that the dichloromethane fraction had a similar result to the control, pentamidine, at the concentrations of 1000 and 500 μg/mL, and the ethanol extract only at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme showed that the extract and the dichloromethane fraction showed no inhibition, unlike the aqueous fraction, which showed inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, equivalent to 17.43%. An in silico study evaluated the potential of inhibition of the alpha glucosidase enzyme of the compounds identified by HPLC-MS, through methods such as PBSA and GBSA, in which two compounds (nemoroson and garcinol) that showed interaction of the complex and the protein were highlighted. From this first work carried out with the fruits of Clusia, it is possible to prove the biopharmacological potential of the ethanol extract of Clusia grandiflora and the dichloromethame fraction against the activities tested.