Diversidade, estrutura e relações de escala da fauna invertebrada e de fisionomias de cerrado

Abstract

Cerrado (65%) and Amazon (34%) biomes occupy the landscape of the State of Maranhão (Brazil), and involve a series of interconnected ecosystems, favoring the formation of different ecotones. In this sense, Maranhão landscape displays high variability, which is related to different factors such as: relief, geology, geomorphology, soils, hydrography, climate. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the scale relationships of invertebrate fauna, physical and chemical attributes of soil in different physiognomies of Cerrado by means of geostatistical, multifractal, and joint multifractal tools. The specific objectives were: I) To investigate the abundance of Coleoptera community in soil in different land use and management systems; II) Evaluate the relationship between soil the invertebrate fauna and soil physiochemical attributes in different Cerrado physiognomies in the Parque Estadual do Mirador (PEM), Maranhão; III) Determine the scales of spatial variability of the plant component by means of geostatistical analysis; IV) To characterize the scale relationships of the invertebrate fauna of soil and vegetation structure by means geostatistical tools, multifractal, and joint multifractal analysis; V) Characterize the spatial variability of physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soil in savanna formations. Samplings were carried out in the municipalities of Chapadinha, Mata Roma and in PEM. The in Mata Roma was installed in the Unha de Gato Farm, under different land use and occupation in Cerrado Biome. In Chapadinha, the experiment was carried out in area of Cerrado, belonging UFMA, Campus IV- Federal University of Maranhão, comprising different vegetation types: Dense Cerrado, Typical Cerrado and Sparse Cerrado. In PEM, the experiment was carried out from experimental plots located in the following plant formations: Dense Cerrado, Typical Cerrado and Sparse Cerrado. The following soil attributes were sampled: invertebrate fauna, sand (g kg-1

), silt (g kg-1

), clay (g kg-1

), density (BD, Mg dm-3 ),

total porosity (PT , m3m-3

), macroporosity (m3m-3

), microporosity (m3m-3

), organic carbon

content (OC, g dm-3

), phosphorus (P, g.dm-3

), pH (CaCl2), potassium (K, mmolc dm-3

), calcium

(Ca, mmolc dm-3

), magnesium (Mg, mmolc dm-3

) and cation exchange capacity (CEC, mmolc

dm-3 ) at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.15, and 0.15-0.3 m. The invertebrate fauna of soil was sampled from pitfall traps and physical and chemical soil attributes were sampled from deformed and undisturbed samples using volumetric rings of 100 cm3

. The vegetation was sampled using the method of plots and subplots. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics, geoestatistics, multifractal, and joint multifractal analysis. Coleoptera community was influenced by the use and management of soil, with greater diversity for the forest systems. The physiognomies of Dense Cerrado and Sparse Cerrado, in the municipality of Chapadinha, presented greater abundance and richness, influenced by composition of the plant strata. In PEM, soil fauna was related to soil structure (physical attributes) and to indicators of soil chemical quality (chemical attributes). The Sparse Cerrado physiognomy showed the greatest heterogeneity of scales, while Dense Cerrado showed the greatest asymmetry of the singularity spectra.