Mapeamento de serviços ecossistêmicos para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e bem-estar humano: o caso do município de Raposa, Maranhão

Abstract

Biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential for human existence, as they provide resources for food, health and human well-being. Despite this, biodiversity has been increasingly threatened by a number of factors that are changing the planet, including population and economic growth, land use change and climate change. As a result of these changes, biodiversity and all available resources, on which human beings are dependent, continue to decline to levels never seen before. As in the case of Brazil and other developing countries, much of the global biodiversity is inserted in territories with weaknesses in governance, economics and investments in research, or that aggravates the scenario of environmental crisis today. How these nations most severely affect the effects of global changes on biodiversity, since they depend directly on ecosystem resources and services. From this point on, the researchers warn of a need to understand climate change and land use and cover to implement adaptation and mitigation actions for these changes, and for the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in political planning and decision assessments. of cities. The understanding of these contexts and the integration of different actors in the management of natural resources can be opportunities for socioeconomic growth, well-being of the population, nature conservation, natural resources allowed for the following uses. For this to be achieved, it is necessary to invest in research and conduct studies to map biodiversity and ecosystem services to understand what exists with human populations, income generation, well-being and the conservation status of ecosystems and as threats to the provision of essential natural resources for human life. In the present study, the main ecosystem services related to the socioeconomic development of the municipality of Raposa, Maranhão, were mapped, which demonstrated great potential for the implementation of ecological tourism, strengthening of the local economy through fishing and commercialization of fish, handicrafts and agriculture, offering ecosystem conservation strategies in addition to environmental protection laws.