Muito além do óbvio: o confronto de olhares no enfrentamento da violência de gênero

Abstract

This study proposes reflections on the possibilities and challenges from the creation of the Service of Attention to Women in Situations of Sexual Violence at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão in São Luís - MA. I discuss institutional practices for dealing with the phenomenon of sexual violence against women developed within the public health care network. Among the motivations for carrying out the research, I highlight the need to investigate the phenomenon of sexual violence, perceived as a serious violation of human rights. I understand that despite the important achievements for women regarding sexual and reproductive rights, the autonomy of women and girls over their bodies is not yet guaranteed, due to the existence of power relations exercised by the State, religious authorities and physicians in reference units. I believe this is a topic of great social and scientific relevance for proposing the discussion of the phenomenon, understood as an expression of the social question. The main goal of this study is to analyze the attention offered by the Service of Attention to Women in Situations of Sexual Violence at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão from the perspective of professionals. The method adopted was historical and dialectical materialism, which presupposes a totalizing vision of reality, seeking not only to study it, but also to point out channels for overcoming reality. The investigation required understanding society and historical contexts and how these contexts created forms of exclusion of women due to the process of reproduction of social relations and their contradictions, tensions and culture. This is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, carried out at HUUFMA - Maternal and Child Unit in São Luís/MA. Participants are professionals with higher education, members of the multidisciplinary team working in the Service of Attention to Women in Situations of Sexual Violence. To collect the primary data, I used semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The research results confirmed the service as a potential locus of women's empowerment and facing of the phenomenon of gender violence. However, it was found that many misconceptions about the attention still persist, since the clinical aspects, the damages and physical injuries are privileged, despite being treated with some resolution, there is a gap in the care of women in situations of abortion, and the reception is not seen with the same importance.