Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio, resistido e combinado em parâmetros cardiometabólicos e no perfil oxidativo em um modelo experimental de síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Objective: To verify the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined physical training in cardiometabolic parameters and in the oxidative profile of the cardiac tissue of female rats submitted to fructose overload. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 Wistar rats divided into 5 groups: Control (n=8), Sedentary Fructose (FS, n=8), Aerobic Training Fructose (FTA, n=8), Resistance Training Fructose (FTR, n=8), Fructose Combined Training (FTC, n=8). 100g/L of fructose was administered in the drinking water for the sedentary and trained groups. The trained groups were submitted to training protocols (1x a day/5x a week/8weeks). Therefore, the FTA group was submitted to physical training on the treadmill (40%-60% of the maximum speed of the effort test). The FTR group performed the training on an adapted ladder (40%-60% of the maximum test load). Finally, the FTC used both the treadmill and the adapted ladder on alternate days. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate); metabolic parameters (body weight; glucose, blood triglycerides and insulin resistance) and functional capacity (exercise test and maximum load) and the oxidative profile. Results: After 8 weeks of protocol, the animals showed an increase in body mass in relation to the initial moment (p<0.001). The FTC group presented lower values when compared with the FS group (p<0.01). When performing the maximal effort test, the FTA and FTC groups showed higher values than the C and FS groups (p<0.001). While in the maximum load test the FTR group presented higher values in relation to the C, FTA and FS groups (p<0.001). Regarding metabolic variables, no differences were found in blood glucose. When evaluating triglycerides, there was a reduction in levels at the end of the protocol in the FTA, FTR and FTC groups with lower values than the FS group (p<0.001). In addition, the FS group showed greater resistance to insulin action when compared to the C group (p<0.05) while the FTA, FTR and FTC groups reduced resistance to insulin action (p<0.05). For the white adipose tissue variable, the FS group presented higher values (p<0.05) in relation to the C group and the trained groups. The FS group presented higher values of SBP, MAP and HR in relation to the C group. The trained groups, in turn, presented lower values compared to the FS (p<0.05), there was no difference in the DBP variables. In the oxidative profile, a reduction in the concentration of the catalase enzyme was observed induced by fructose overload (p<0.05) and only FTC was effective in increasing catalase (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined training appears to be more effective for reducing body weight. Aerobic, resistance and combined training show improvements in physical capacity, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and SBP, while for MAP and HR, resistance and combined training seem to be more efficient. Fructose overload reduced catalase, generating oxidative damage. However, combined training managed to prevent this impairment in the oxidative profile. Thus, aerobic, resistance and combined physical training can be an efficient non-pharmacological intervention for the prevention of MS.