Atividade antioxidante, antitumoral e antimicrobiana de metabólitos secundários de cepas do gênero Fusarium.

Abstract

Introduction: Secondary metabolites of the Fusarium genus have been considered as a source of bioactive molecules against cancer, bacteria and fungi.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal and antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites obtained from two species of the genus Fusarium. Methodology: Two secondary metabolites were obtained, one of Fusarium oxysporum and the other of Fusarium solani. The species are from the Fungi Collection of the Federal University of Maranhão in NIBA/DEPAT/CCBS. From each metabolite were performed the chemical screening, the antioxidant activity, the antitumor in MCF-7 cell and cytotoxic in normal prostate cell, the antibacterial activity in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains and antifungal in strains of Candida albicans, Candida krusei. Mass spectrometry to determine the chemical composition was performed only on the Fusarium solani metabolite. Results: The chemical classes phenols, alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonoids, xanthones were identified. Spectrometry of the F. solani metabolite revealed the presence of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol, L-Proline, N-valeryl, heptadecyl, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester in the ethyl fraction of acetate and benzeneacetic acid, acetic acid, phenyl-, - (2-hydroxyethyl) phenol E9- octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester (methyl oleate) in the dichloromethane fraction. The two secondary metabolites have antioxidant activity. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium oxysporum at the concentration of 1000µg/mL showed a proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells and cytotoxic effect on normal prostate cells, both within 48 hours. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL reduced the viability of the MCF-7 cell in 48 hours, and in normal cells it did not show cytotoxic effect in the analyzed times compared to the negative control. The metabolites of both fungi tested showed significant antibacterial activity (p<0.0010) in E. coli strains at all concentrations in 24 and 48 hours. The secondary metabolites of F. oxysporum significantly inhibited (p<0.0001) S. aureus at all concentrations within 24h, and within 48h there was a reduction in cell viability only at concentrations from 0.0625 to 8 µg/mL. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani significantly inhibited (p<0.0001) S. aureus in 24h at all concentrations. In 48 hours only the lowest concentrations 0.0625 to 4 µg/mL significantly reduced (p<0.0001) cell viability and at concentrations 16 and 32 there was no inhibition. The antifungal activity of F. oxysporum metabolites significantly reduced C. albicans at all concentrations within 24h. In 48 hours there was a significant reduction in the lowest concentrations (0.0625 to 4 µg/m). For C. krusei there was a significant reduction (p<0.0001) in concentrations from 0.0625 to 8 µg/mL in 24 hours. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani significantly (p<0.0001) reduced the viability of C. albicans at all concentrations analyzed in 24 and 48 hours. In C. krusei there was a significant reduction (p<0.0001) from 0.0625 to 16 µg/ml in 24h and in 48h all concentrations significantly reduced cell viability. Conclusion: The strain isolated from the air was identified by PCR as Fusarium solani. The two metabolites are antioxidants, have phenolic compounds, flavonoids. In the secondary metabolite of Fusarium solani there are compounds, cited in the literature, with antitumor and antimicrobial properties. In the present study, Fusarium solani showed relative antitumor activity in MCF-7 strains.