Reciclagem de resíduos da bauxita em ladrilhos hidráulicos

Abstract

This study aimed to apply Sustainable Design to provide technical and scientific support, based on the feasibility of using bauxite residue as a fine aggregate in cement mortar, in the manufacture of ceramic compositions of hydraulic tiles for paving. These tiles, the product of this research, were produced by hand in the city of São Luís - MA, Brazil, and served as the basis for the generation of a product applicable to the civil construction sector. To achieve our objective, tests of mechanical and chemical properties were carried out, which, in this case, corresponded to the tests of mechanical resistance to axial compression, in which it was possible to identify an increase in strength, replacing 40% of the sand with bauxite residue, compared to its 0% red mud standard, exceeding it by 18% in resisted MPa; as well as the mechanical resistance to flexion, in which there was no significant change in the resistance of the samples. Chemical characterization was also carried out to identify the components of the mass and X-ray diffraction of the samples produced, in order to recognize the changes in the crystalline phase over time, as well as its variety of mixtures. The aforementioned procedures were carried out to determine the maximum or favorable amount of bauxite residue to be used in the cement mortar, to which it was possible to successfully integrate up to 20% of “red mud” in the total mixture of the ceramic tile composition in the different tiles. layers of the pieces. In this research, the contributions of this initiative to the sustainability of projects, companies and governments in the context of improving carbon emissions were conceptually presented, which enables the generation of ecological products and contributes to the reduction of existing polluting residues collected in areas of risk, increasing the intelligence of the productive system of industrial waste generators through industrial ecology.