A GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS-MA: PRINCIPAIS AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS UMA DÉCADA APÓS A IMPLANTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS.

Abstract

After the Stockholm Conference on the Environment (1972), the issue of solid waste began to be seen from an environmental perspective and not only from a public health perspective. Over the years, as required, they took shape and in 2007 was enacted by Federal Law No. 11.445, National Basic Sanitation Policy (PNSB), which used the basic guidelines for sanitation in Brazil and included urban cleaning services as a sanitation service. Following the principles of the PNSB, in 2010 the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was enacted, a legal basis for solid waste management, in the public and private spheres, throughout the country. In 2020, the PNSB was revised, through Federal Law 14,026/20, also called the New Regulatory Framework for Brazilian Sanitation. The changes made by the Regulatory Framework affected crucial issues for the management and management of these services in Brazil, especially about ownership and collection. The municipality of São Luís must adapt to reality over the years. The general objective of the study is to present an overview of solid waste management in the Municipality of São Luís, a decade after the enactment of the National Solid Waste Policy, Federal Law 12,305/10. As a form of collected information, a documental research was carried out through academic publications and official media of the Municipality of São Luís, such as the official website, Official Gazette of the Municipality and News Agency. Solid databases were consulted, such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Brazilian Association of Public Cleaning and Special Waste Companies (ABRELPE), in addition to the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS), as a form of information on data for analyzing the local situation. The search for these data and information focused on the period from January 2020 to May 2021. As the most significant advances in the management of urban solid waste in the city of São Luís, legal and operational advances were surveyed, considering the concession of urban cleaning services; the closing of the Ribeira Municipal Landfill; the implementation of Ecopontos; and the improvement of indicators related to urban cleaning. As challenges to be faced, the application of Municipal Law nº 6,321/18 was identified; municipal and metropolitan solid waste management plans; irregular waste disposal; and environmental education. The study also challenges sustainability, which are those that overcoming them will lead to the maintenance and guidance of waste management and urban cleaning services.