Consumo de bebidas ricas em açúcares de adição e excesso de peso materno-infantil: análise nos primeiros mil dias de vida, coorte brisa

Abstract

Background: Although exposure to sugars at an early age is a concern of international organizations, little is known about the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SBB) in the first thousand days of life. Methods: The present study analyzed the factors associated with the use of SBB, and the effect of consumption on maternal and child excess weight in the first thousand years of life. Data from the prenatal BRISA cohort, São Luís, Brazil, were analyzed in 1.136 mother-child binomials. A theoretical model was constructed to explore multiple relationships between prenatal variables (socioeconomic status, maternal age, pre-gestational body mass index (BMI), and frequency of SBB consumption during pregnancy) and the child's second year of life (breastfeeding, z-score of BMI and percentage of sugar consumption of SBB in relation to total calories), analyzed by modeling of structural equations. Results: 54% of children were already exposed to these beverages in the first thousand days of life, and 26% consumed more than 10% of the daily calories from these beverages. The highest pre-gestational BMI (Standardized Load-CP: 0.113, p: 0.018) and the higher frequency of SBB use during gestation (CP: 0.110; p: 0.041) resulted in the highest percentage of sugar consumption of SBB in relation to the total calories in the second year of life. However, the highest percentage of SBB consumption had no effect on overweight in the second year of life Conclusions: Maternal factors such as obesity and consumption of SBB during pregnancy increased the risk of early and high exposure to these beverages by their children, suggesting that there is a perpetuation of a familial obesogenic environment during the first thousand days of life.