Usos da cidade: ocupações artístico-culturais de espaços públicos patrimoniais do Centro Histórico de São Luís

Abstract

Analysis of the uses and social functions given by the actions of artistic-cultural occupations to public patrimonial spaces. This is an exploratory and descriptive field research, with a critical and dialectical theoretical model, interdisciplinary and qualitative approach, about the existing artistic-cultural occupations in the Historic Center of São Luís, Maranhão, using bibliographic and documentary research. , semi-structured interviews and visual record of the investigated spaces. The objective is to analyze which resignifications are given to the public patrimonial space by the artistic and cultural occupations of the Historic Center of São Luís and their relations with the public policies that affect them. It approaches the theoretical conceptions of the studies of space, formation and configuration of cities, as well as conducts a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) of theses and dissertations available online that investigate artistic-cultural occupations in Brazil, in order to understand the national scenario about theme and list its main characteristics and theoretical conceptions to guide the analysis of data collected in field research. It discusses the multiple theories of heritage and problematizes the mismatches in the relations between heritage processes and the use of space by the community. It recovers the history of the urban formation of the Historic Center of São Luís and focuses on the main programs of restructuring and revitalization of the public patrimonial space that compose it, focusing on its impacts on the functioning of the artistic and cultural activities that exist in it. It was verified that the urban expansion and the restructuring of the cities have repercussions on the social uses and functions of the patrimonial public spaces, explaining characteristics that ratify the problematic of the mercantilization of the places, which deprives the subjects of free and democratic access to them. After the analyzes, the artistic-cultural occupations present themselves as a potent political strategy of organization and social mobilization in the claim of the right to the city, prioritizing its use value for the community, instead of the exchange value embedded in the urban revitalization processes of the city. historical centers in Brazil, in order to alleviate the social tensions arising from public policies that do not address the needs of the population.