Mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo (MDL) no Maranhão: cenário atual e potencial para negócios no mercado de carbono.

Abstract

The international community, under the coordination of the United Nations, has been searching, since 1972, to solve the problem of climate change on the planet. More recently, in 2015, during the "Paris Agreement", long-term objectives were set to limit GHG emissions, being the first of them extended to all countries parties to the Climate Convention. And to assist United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) member countries in achieving these goals, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was created, what has made possible the financing of renewable projects to reduce emissions of tCO2eq (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) in developing countries, and, concomitantly, has contributed to their sustainable development. This incentive also gave rise to the emergence of commodities (carbon credits) and consequently a market (carbon market). In this way, through a bibliographical research, the current scenario of the Clean Development Mechanism in Maranhão was characterized, as well as estimated the potential of its Energy Matrix to provide business in the Carbon Market. In the latter, a flowchart adjusted to the methodology ACM0002 provided by the UNFCCC was proposed, whose calculations took into account the renewable projects connected to the National Interconnected System (SIN). Until the year of 2027, a potential emission reduction of around 8.23 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent has been estimated, which will allow a figure of R $ 535.23 million for negotiations in the carbon market. In this context, the study constituted relevant information for the improvement of public policies in the renewable energy sector, as well as for the increase in the benefits generated by CDM projects.