FREQUÊNCIA DO POLIMORFISMO DO ACTN3 ASSOCIADA AO SALTO VERTICAL EM ATLETAS DA SUPERLIGA FEMININA DE VOLEIBOL.

Abstract

Objective: to verify the frequency of the polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene which presents two alleles, R functional and X nonfunctional. As well as the relation of the genotypes with the vertical jump performance in athletes of the woman’s volleyball super league. Materials and methods: were part of the study 144 volunteers, divided in two groups: Control Group with 62 sedentary women and Experimental group with 82 athletes of the women’s volleyball super league. The genetic material was collect through salivary samples for DNA extraction and analyzed through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. As for the vertical jump were realized power tests for lower limbs through the crouching jump (SA) and jumping with movement (SCM) in contact mat jump system pro. Results: the control group presented age of 21 + 4,5 years, body mass of 57,19 + 9,90 kg and stature of 1,60 + 0,05m. The frequency of the genotypes was of 39,4% with RR genotype, 45,95% with RX genotype and 14,8% with XX genotype. At the same group, the averages and standard deviation of the SA were the following ones: RR 19,3 + 4,6 cm, RX 18,5 + 3,7 cm and XX 17,5 + 2,1 cm. At the SCM were: RR 21,1 + 5,6 cm, RX 20,9 + 3,4 cm and XX 19,6 + 3,1 cm. No significant difference was found between the genotypes to the SA and the SCM. The experimental group presented ages of 26 + 4,8 years, body mass of 74,2 + 8,17 kg and stature of 1,81 + 0,07 m. Was found the frequency of 44% with RR genotypes, 51,2% with RX genotypes and 4,8% with XX genotypes. In the evaluation of the SA were found the following median and standard deviation: RR genotype 30 + 7,2 cm, RX genotype 31,2 + 6,3 cm and XX genotype 28,3 + 3,7 cm. To the SCM, we found: RR genotypes 35 + 8,05 cm, RX 35,9 + 7,8 cm and XX 31 + 5,4 cm. The estimation of the frequency for the XX genotype in the world population is 20%, for the same verified genotype at the control the percentage was of 14,8%, which would be near of the world average. However, in the analysis of the vertical jump realized between the athletes wasn´t found significant difference in the SA and in the SCM between the RR, RX and XX genotypes. Therefore, it is concluded that RR and RX genotypes are more frequently found between athletes of the women’s volleyball super league and that the polymorphism of the ACTN-3 does not influence on the height of the vertical jump in athletes of the women’s volleyball super league.