Contribuições do pensamento fenomenológico-existencial na formação profissional do psicólogo no Maranhão

Abstract

The idea of the present dissertation arose from deep concerns aroused, in the author, in the academic course of his professional formation in the Psychology course. Its elaboration stems from the reflections that were processed during this period. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the history of Psychology in Brazil, with emphasis on the contributions of Phenomenological-Existential thinking in the courses of Psychology in Maranhão, using methodological guidance as documentary research. In order to properly develop this theme, it is necessary to highlight some elements that have crossed the historical process of the implantation of Psychology in the country: the identification of the first psychological ideas introduced in our cultural context and its respective historical path of professional formation of the psychologist, until 2018, highlighted by the Federal Council of Psychology as the Year of Training in Psychology. In order to research the historical record of the psychologist's training in Brazil and Maranhão, we work with official documents, such as Law 4,199 of August 27, 1962, which establishes the professional practice of the psychologist and the Minimum Curriculum for its formation, Curricular Guidelines and especially the Curricular Grades of Psychology courses in Maranhão. Finally, we present the contributions of Phenomenological-Existential thinking in the following aspects: human essence, affectivity, the question of technique and the comprehensive method of Wilhelm Dilthey. These points contribute to the professional formation of the psychologist by providing a comprehensive and descriptive methodological basis, which is more in line with the research carried out in the field of Human Sciences, which until then were obliged to characterize human phenomena, reducing them to mere natural phenomena, in clear subordination to Exact and Natural Sciences.