Particularidades da questão negra no Brasil e seus desdobramentos nas interpretações e políticas focalizadas de raça e classe

Abstract

Research on the particularities of the black racial issue in Brazil in different contexts and narratives. We focus on the ideological and political aspects and the incorporation of this theme as an affirmative action policy. We present a historical reference framework on economic and social formation in a Marxist perspective in order to validate the importance of this category to analyze Brazil. We analyze the formation of the state centered on patrimonialism, slavery and racism, from the classical Brazilian intellectual thought to capture the central aspects of analysis. We approche the concepts of race, racism and ethnic-racial relations and their ideological and political deployments in different contexts of Brazilian society. We discuss the categories racial democracy and cordiality as ideological constructions to interpret the Brazilian reality in the post-black slavery abolition period.We emphasize the researches on racial relations in the country, sponsored by Unesco, which had great repercussions, contributing to demystify the propaled racial democracy. We describe the various forms of organization, struggles of black movements, strategies to combat racism, as well as the influence of this movement on the political agenda of the g overnment to implement affirmative action policies. In order to apprehend the affirmative actions developed by the Brazilian state, this study analyzes the legislation, state plans and policies to investigate the theoretical, political and social foundations of these actions. This research, guided by the qualitative perspective and based on historical-dialectical materialism, aims to apprehend the particularities of the black racial issue in the country in different angles and contexts.