Análise da qualidade do sono em discentes dos cursos de graduação do CCBS da Universidade Federal do Maranhão

Abstract

Evaluating the quality of sleep of adults who continuously perform daytime activities is not an easy task since daily obligations and well-being are two aspects that hardly go together. Thus, the literature points out that, at university, students are often characterized by insufficient and irregular sleep, which can have a negative impact on health and consequently on the quality of life of these young people. Thus, the goal of the study was to analyze the sleep quality of the students of the undergraduate courses of the Center of Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS, for its acronym in Portuguese) of the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA, for its acronym in Portuguese). To achieve this goal, in the period between October 2017 and December 2018, 1140 students (population 2,892) were selected through a sample calculation, considering good sleep prevalence of 50% and an error margin of 2.5%. Then, proportionally, stratification by course was carried out, among them: Biological Sciences, Physical Education, Nursing, Pharmacy, Medicine, Nutrition, Oceanography, and Dentistry. For the survey of data on the variables related to sleep, were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Pittsburgh questionnaire (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESE), and the Sleep Diary. From the data, we found that this population has a higher frequency of women, young people between 20 and 24 years of age, belonging to ethnic group Brown - Mulatto, who are exclusively students, have a monthly income of 1 to 3 minimum wages, do not consume alcoholic beverages, do not smoke, use public transport and spend on average 2 to 4 hours in traffic daily. As for sleep quality, it was found that 75.09% of these students were classified as bad sleepers, as for sleepiness, 57.81 are experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and as for the sleep routine, they tend to sleep more (8h) on Friday and less (6h54) on Sundays. Still, we identified that there was a significant correlation between sleep quality and EDS, however, this correlation was weak. On the other hand, it was observed statistically significant association between socio-demographic data, poor sleep quality and EDS, showing that some social and behavioral factors have influenced the biological clock of these undergraduate students. In short, studies of this nature are encouraged, as many young people and adults tend to prioritize work and study routines, not giving the due importance to the quality of life, which involves good eating, physical activities and, last but not least, good sleep quality.