A ESCOLA DE CEGOS NA HISTORIOGRAFIA DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL MARANHENSE

Abstract

Consideration about Blind School in the Historiography of Maranhense Special Education where we propose to historicize the first educational institution created to care for disabled in the state of Maranhão. We inquire in this study the socio-historical-educational school contexts of implantation of the blind school in Sao Luis- MA, the schooling offered to the students of it, as well as its external and internal determinant traits historically constructed. In order to identify the trajectory of Special Education in Maranhão demonstrating its social and educational development, with the specific purpose to analyze the identity of Blind School in Maranhão, its social meaning and its historical density, recording, the transformation of schooling dispensed to people with disabilities, and also preserve the memory of special education in the state of Maranhão. Therefore, we had as theoretical basis about the historical context of special education, the social production and specialized educational institutions the studies of Mazzotta (2005), Jannuzzi (2006), among others. For the historicity of educational institutions we have elected studies of Magalhães (2004), and the analysis on symbolic struggles, supporters of the educational inequalities we have chosen Bourdieu e Champagne (2007) and Bourdieu and Passeron (2008). The methodology is based on the cultural history, the historiographical approach, thus we observed the particular phenomena of ESCEMA as being possessors of a subjective dependency built by historical circumstances dependent on several factors. The procedures for data collection were interviews with alumni of Blind School and teachers who participated in the time of implantation of special education in the state of Maranhão and as well as in São Luís, we also have literature and documentary research through documents most from ESCEMA file and documents of the Public Archives of the State of Maranhão. We emphasize the importance of Blind School of Maranhão in the education of people with disabilities as well as the destinations of life of these students. Despite ESCEMA have been founded at a time of little responsibility for political- governmental for disabilities, both on the issue of financial aid and in the control of these, which has brought several deficiencies in the subjects studied. However from the professional‟s destinations, mainly affective bonds of alumni to the institution, it is understood that it was fulfilled, despite the difficulties, and its social meaning.