Pólen coletado pela Melipona fasciculata na Amazônia maranhense: composição físico-química e atividade antimicrobiana

Abstract

Pollen and other bee-derived products are traditionally used since a long time, especially in natural medicine, due to its herbal and quantity of nutrients that has and is taking space in front of their nutritional potential properties. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical and biological profile in pollen collected by bees Melipona fasciculata of the lowland region in order to identify the nutritional value of apiculture products for family farming. The research is an experimental descriptive study, in which 11 samples were collected in 5 municipalities (São Bento, Palmeirândia, São Vicente de Ferrer, Bequimão and Perimirim) from Maranhão Amazon. The values of moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, caloric value, pH and acidity, total phenolics and total flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry, antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antimicrobial capacity by Diffusion technique in agar. The analyzes showed that the moisture content ranged from 32 ± 1.29 to 38.65 ± 0.60 g / 100g, ashes from 1.38 ± 0.07 to 2.50 ± 0.03 g / 100g, 2.09 ± 0.18 to 5.46 ± 0.00 g / 100g, protein from 13.91 ± 0.00 to 28.87 ± 0.00 g / 100g, carbohydrates from 29.43 ± 0.83 a 43.25 ± 0.43, kilocalories of 247.48 ± 2.86 to 276.80 ± 5.34, pH of 3.57 ± 0.06 to 3.80 ± 0.00 and acidity of 64.19 ± 0.00 to 161.70 ± 0.00 mEq / kg. The phenolic content ranged from 10.37 ± 0.51 to 22.37 ± 1.29 mg EAG / g and total flavonoids from 0.92 ± 0.05 to 2.56 ± 0.04 mg catechin / g. The antioxidant capacity, by the DPPH method, ranged from 91.03 ± 0.78 to 94.76 ± 0.31%. Regarding antimicrobial activity was observed eight samples showed the opposite action gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The pollen collected by tiúba in the Maranhão Amazon presented a high nutritional value and antioxidant action evidencing its use as a food and functional complement, besides having an effect against bacterial growth.