Transformações territoriais e efeitos na saúde dos núcleos populacionais localizados no entorno da usina termelétrica do Itaqui, São Luís – MA

Abstract

The present work deals up territorial transformations and the health of residents in the influence of TPP Porto do Itaqui area, understanding the "territory" as a place resulting from the integration of social groups with its nearest surroundings, represented this research by the communities of Vila Maranhão, Cajueiro, Camboa dos Frades, Nova Camboa dos Frades e São Benedito, belonging to the municipality of São Luís - MA. To collect data with semistructured interviews were conducted questionnaires. The results shown in socioeconomic research a low level of education in the surveyed communities, where most studied until elementary school, thus causing a high rate of unemployed or people surviving on odd jobs and aid the Bolsa Família. The environmental awareness of communities that portrays the main difficulties are related to the lack of infrastructure, particularly for the paving of streets, garbage collection, poor public transportation, low coverage of sanitation, increasing violence, lack of incentives for training, not to use of local labor, unemployment and informality at work. The health status of the population is in chaotic state, do we see the presence of Tour Health, and the communities who travel to neighboring communities. As for air quality, the results still indicate adequate standards for concentrations of air pollutants, although the Community Camboa dos Frades to suffer direct influence of pollutants reported greater health problems. Reconfiguration of use and land cover changes produced in the organization of communities and the environment, because it was found predominantly semiurbanized areas and small water bodies with their flow modified by siltation from erosion. We understand the importance of identifying health conditions and the changes occurring in the affected by developments such as thermoelectric communities, as well as public policies can be proposed for urban mobility, spatial planning, health, education and security in urban communities. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix as well as a glimpse while building the guarantee of natural resources to present and future generations