A experiência de trabalho das enfermeiras nas ações de atenção primária à saúde no Maranhão na década de 1980: o resgate da memória

Abstract

In the 1980s, the sedimentation of the private hospital model of health was being studied, and at the same time the aim was to redesign the function of the state, municipal and outpatient health units of INAMPS, as well as discussions on the participation of health professionals in Integrated Health Actions (AIS), which emphasized Primary Health Care. Nursing work in Primary Care is seen as the effective promotion and protection of the health of the population, making use of knowledge of the nursing sciences as well as the social sciences and public health, this statement was made by the Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice. The recognition that memory is, above all, a continuous and updated reconstruction of the past is a consensus among scholars. The fact is that memory is more a conjuncture than a content, an always attainable purpose, a composite of strategies. It is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, using as methodological instrument Oral History and analyzed by the thematic-categorial content of Bardin. According to DataSus, in the Maranhão of the 1980s the resident population was 3,996,445 distributed among 129 municipalities and in São Luís the resident population was 449,433 inhabitants. In the early 1980s the State of Maranhão had high rates of maternal and infant mortality, with diarrheal diseases, low vaccination coverage, low adherence to breastfeeding, malnutrition and low rates of prenatal follow- factors that generated the high rates. The infant mortality rate was approximately 130 / 1,000NV, the second highest rate in the Northeast. in APS the nurse is a valuable leadership in territories of extreme poverty, they act in the management and assistance with interference in the processes of reflection, actions of health promotion and integrality of care next to this reality. The 1980s are considered as one of the decades that have occurred most changes in the nursing profession, challenging the hegemony of positivism that dominated the health area. In the experiment studied, the nurses involved independently exercised the care mainly to pregnant women and children through the nursing consultation. They performed prenatal and child care in Health Centers and this action may be considered a pioneer in Maranhão.