A MULHER PROFESSORA E O ENSINO PRIMÁRIO DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO NA DÉCADA DE 1960

Abstract

This study aims to give visibility to the woman teacher as a subject of knowledge, highlighting its role in primary Maranhão between 1960 and 1964. It starts from the assumption that the devaluation of the activities and functions undertaken by women teachers in the pedagogical field is tied to the historical position of inferiority assigned to women in society and education. This study highlights the contributions of women's history and the history of education through the work of Almeida (2004), Amâncio (2001), Lopes (2003), Müller (1999) and Perrot (2007), for an understanding of how it came the relationship of women with knowledge over time and the meanings attributed to the increasing presence of women in teaching. By demonstrating the changes in brazilian elementary school through the first half of the twentieth century, presents the new expectations around the role of the woman teacher in a context of intense political initiatives, scientific and pedagogical who sought to extend the functions of social education and general level of said instruction, in particular during the study period. In Maranhão, the preparation of the Programme for Primary Schools of the State speech was not only political-educational renewal through which passed the primary school in the country, but also the different spaces and functions Maranhão won the women teachers within public administration education. In the performance of technical and pedagogical activity, women teachers turn their vision for the school Maranhão, and from scientific knowledge and teaching appropriate for them, lay the foundations for the organization of time and place of learning, as well as guidelines for the development of education to effectively fulfill its objectives. The experience of the group of primary teachers responsible for the development of the curriculum contributed to another representation of women in education, the scientific and technical-pedagogical, and gained new functions has overstepped the bounds of the classroom, to assert themselves as subject of knowledge.