Indicadores socioambientais da baixada maranhense: abordagem sobre os bairros ribeirinhos da cidade de Arari

Abstract

In this research about the socio-environmental reality of the riparian population of the Arari’s city, in the Baixada Maranhense, considering an analysis of data and information constants in socio-environmental indicators, specifically socioeconomic indicators, basic sanitation and environmental, contributing with subsidies to the equation of economic problems and environmental aspects of the area. It is an integrated research, for aggregating the issues related to the economic, social and environmental dimensions, of comparative exploratory and descriptive nature, complemented with bibliographical analysis and field and opinion research with application of the questionnaire to the riparian population and of a Protocol Preliminary Diagnosis of urban water courses applied in the Mearim river and igarapé of Nema, based on qualitative and quantitative approaches on a social and environmental reality of the neighborhoods Franca, Flores, Matadouro e Habitar Brasil. Based on the analysis of the primary and secondary materials collected, it was constructed with the selected indicators on the informative-descriptive panorama about the socio-environmental conditions of the neighborhoods by of a matrix with dimensions of the Pressure Model - State - Impact / Effect / Response. It was verified that the neighborhood conditions are related to pressure factors such as population growth, showing a state of urban expansion, the increase of wastes and solid waste without a satisfactory basic sanitation network and the increase of dwellings in permanent preservation areas (PPA) and agrossilvopastoril activities, with the heavily altered vegetation, the cultivation along the banks of water bodies, and the disposal of solid waste and sewage on the banks of the river and igarapé, mainly in the most vulnerable areas. It was identified that the districts studied had differences in the disposition of the indicators, the poorest are the most susceptible