Avaliação do desenvolvimento de crianças no segundo ano de vida através do Bayley Screening Test III em uma cidade do nordeste brasileiro: Coorte Brisa

Abstract

The early years of the child's life become of great importance to lay the foundation for their future acquisitions. Early diagnosis becomes increasingly important, and a challenge for the health professional in the assessment and accurate understanding of the meaning of any delay and the limits of normality. This study aimed to evaluate the development of children in the second year of life in a city in northeastern Brazil. Two articles were carried out: the first one described the use of the Bayley III Screening Test in children of two cohorts conducted in the city of São Luís referring to the BRISA Study. A total of 2062 children were evaluated using the Bayley-III instrument, prenatal and birth cohort from January 2010 to June 2011. They were submitted to evaluation of neuromotor development through the Bayley-III instrument in the period from April 2011 to March 2013, in the second year of life. It was observed that the mean age of the children was 16 months, with a minimum of 8 months and a maximum of 24. In the sample, 80.3% were aged less than or equal to 18 months and 15 days. Among the domains selected for competent, emerging and risk classification, expressive communication presented a higher risk for development (5.87%), as well as a higher frequency of children in the emerging classification (36.37%); in the second article, we evaluated the risk factors for neuromotor development in children in the second year of life, using data from the birth cohort of the BRISA study. Poisson regression with robust variance was used for the data analysis and only the information referring to the "competent" and "emergent" classifications was considered. We obtained mothers with schooling up to high school (RR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.99-3.46, p = 0.054), or until elementary school (IRR: 1.93, 95% CI = 0 , 98-3,82, p = 0,058) as a risk factor for the development of receptive communication, consensual union (RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-1.01, p = 0.057), influenced (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.04-2.30, p = 0.031) and be preterm (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.04-1.81; p = 0.024) impaired fine motor development. One of the protection factors found was not having other children (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47- 0.88, p = 0.005) for cognitive development; (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.59-0.55, p = 0.003) or in the mother's bed (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26-0.86, p = = 0.014) benefited receptive communication; belonging to socioeconomic class A (RR: 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.94, p = 0.025) protected expressive communication; being primiparous (RR: 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42- 0.92, p = 0.019) favored the coarse motor; and being in the cradle next to the mother (RR: 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.98, p = 0.042) benefited the fine motor. It was concluded that the Bayley-III instrument allowed the description by age group and area of development, pointing out the greater number of children at risk and emerging for expressive communication. In addition to showing that preterm birth increased by 38% the chances of children presenting with impairment in fine motor development.