O PENSAMENTO PEDAGÓGICO SOCIALISTA: reflexões sobre a experiência educacional desenvolvida na Rússia pós-revolucionária e suas contribuições para o projeto educacional da sociedade contemporânea

Abstract

This work is part of State, Politics and Educational Policy research line. As its title indicates, it aims to discuss the principles of socialist pedagogy and their contributions to the organization of educational work in current schools based on the ideas of Marx and Engels about education and teaching having as reference the first historical experience of educational system construction under the aegis of socialism. We started this study from the understanding that the interests between capital and labor remain essentially antagonistic, in that context we seek to elucidate the questions endorsing the analysis in the classics of Marxism and the theoretical treatises on the experience developed in post-revolutionary Russia under the guidance of Pistrak, as well as theoretical production of national educators who developed studies on this subject. We aim to use the methodological theoretical framework of historical-dialectical materialism to understand the contemplated phenomenon. The discussion is based on the Marxian and Marxist theorizing about education. This work is structured in three chapters and final considerations. The first part deals with the trajectory of teaching unity principle and labor focusing on its origin from Owen to Marx. The second part deals with working categories, free time, man on Marx and his relationship with education. The third part aims to review the experience accumulated by the working class in post-revolutionary Russia on the orientation of Pistrak and the legacy that this experience can offer to build a socialist pedagogy. In the conclusion, we present the thought on all developed work of the dissertation pointing out the contributions of Pistrak for the construction of socialist pedagogy. This study allows us to confirm the relevance of the principles on socialist pedagogy, and it indicates the need of organized struggles of working class to overcome the current proposal of capitalist sociality, the only way out to change our reality.