Nanocompósitos argila-ioneno aplicados à remoção de petróleo e seus derivados em meio aquoso

Abstract

This work aimed to prepare a material, from the intercalation of a Maranhense clay with a polymer, able to adsorb oil derivatives in aqueous media. The polymer was synthesized from a copolymerization reaction between a tertiary amine and an organic halide, known as Ionene, which was characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). The preparation of the clay-ionene adsorbent occurred by the exchange of the interlamellar inorganic cations by the organic cations of the polymer, after the clay in natura receive acid and alkaline treatment. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Surface Area, Thermogravimetry (TG) and Foster Swelling performed the characterization of the new material. The results showed that the cation exchange process occurred, confirmed by the increase of the basal distance (d001) observed in the XRD and by the appearance of the characteristic bands of the organic cations detected by the infrared spectra. The Foster swelling results show that the nanocomposite has higher interaction with organic solvents. In the adsorption tests the organophilic clays, as expected, presented higher efficiency in relation to the in natura material, with removal rate of approximately 90%. The kinetic modeling studies showed that the adsorption is of pseudo second order, indicating that the process is chemical.