Prevalência de síndrome metabólica e seus componentes em mulheres climatéricas

Abstract

Introduction: With a broaden life expectancy, women experience perimenopause longer, under the influence of hormonal changes, which favor the development of several cardiovascular risk factors, including those that make up the Metabolic Syndrome. It is a complex disorder characterized by a range of lipid and non-lipid factors which predispose individuals to risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Objective: Determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components grouping in climacteric women. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from November 2012 to September 2013, at the Serviço Ambulatorial de Ginecologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. The sample consisted of 277 women between 40 and 65 years who agreed to participate. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire on the day of a medical appointment previously scheduled by the patient. Biochemical tests were performed at the Hospital Universitário Unidade Presidente Dutra. For the diagnosis of the syndrome, we used the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2013, and the statistical analysis was proceeded using Stata 14.0. Results: We evaluated 109 (39,3%) premenopausal and 168 (60,7%) postmenopausal women. The average age was 46.2±3.9 years for premenopausal women and 54.6±5.4 years for postmenopausal women. There was a predominance of brown women, completed high school, married and with income up to 1 minimum wage. Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 62 (22.4%) patients, 29 (46,8%) premenopausal and 33 (53,2%) postmenopausal. The prevalence of syndrome components was higher in postmenopausal women. Among carriers, 44 (71%) presented waist circumference plus 2 factors. The most common factors combination was waist circumference, blood glucose and triglycerides, found in 14 women (31,8%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women reinforces the need to develop and implement public politics to offer orientation and an integral therapy approach for this population at risk.