ESTADO NOVO E EDUCAÇÃO RURAL NO MARANHÃO: O projeto de ruralisação das escolas municipais, em São Luís

Abstract

The present study lies in the field of History and Educational Policy, references used to analyze the politics of rural education in Maranhão, in the context of the Estado Novo (1937- 1945), from the ruralization of municipal schools of São Luís through the Rural Especialisation Course in 1937 taught to the normalistas teachers. This issue is considered important, from the perspective of history, since it discusses the development of education policies for the peasant. The research sources consisted of reports, newspaper of the period and documents published in 1937 by the Official Press of Maranhão, including "The Ruralization of the municipal schools in the capital of Maranhão, its practical and efficient significance for the development of Maranhão Economy" (1937). In the light of historical and dialectical materialism, we attempted to reveal the actual historical basis expressed by the production system, in intimate relationship with the political and pedagogical ideas of the Estado Novo in São Luís, construction site of the school's policy ruralization conveyed by the ideology of "Maranhão great tomorrow." Thus, we analyzed the political, economic and ideological education policy (1937-1945) aiming to set the man on the field, relating them to the economic context of Maranhão and the idea of leaving the "Economic stagnation". In this context, it was captured the sense of rural education as a control strategy of conflicts related to rural poverty, seen as "backward" social project of the nation. Finally, it was aimed to identify the place of school in the estadonovista education policy in São Luis, by the "Rural Specialization Course" offered to teachers normalistas in 1937. It is concluded that the project of ruralization teaching in Maranhão expresses the social contradictions of the sociability of the capital, which denies fundamental rights such as access to education and land to produce in decent conditions.