Efeito do óleo de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata) na microcirculação: estudo experimental e avaliação clínica em famílias de quilombolas quebradeiras de coco

Abstract

Babassu is the popular name given to the oilseeds palms that belongs to the Arecaceae Family, Orbignya and Attalea gender. The Orbignya phalerata (O. phalerata) species, the genuine babassu, is densely distributed in the Amazon region and Atlantic Forest from Bahia State in Brazil. In Maranhão State, about 300 thousand coconut breakers survive through the agroextractivism of babassu and use their byproducts in their feeding. The kernls of babassu have hight lipid content and is considered as high potential for vegetable oil production. The unrefined oil has in its composition as well as triglycerides, the so called “minor components” which are phospholipids, pigments, sterols, tocopherols and trace of some substances and metals. In Brazil, little is known about the effects of babassu oil for human health and its effects on microcirculation.The chapter I had the objective to evaluate the effects of babassu oil on microvascular permeability and leukocyte-endothelial interactions induced by ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) using the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation as experimental model. The results showed that the mean value of I/R-induced microvascular leakage, determined during reperfusion, was significantly lower in the BO-6 and BO-18 groups than in the MO one (P< 0.001). In addition, histamine-induced increase of microvascular permeability was significantly less pronounced in BO groups compared to MO one. No significant differences among groups in terms of leukocyte adhesion, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 were found. The experimental study showed that unrefined babassu oil reduced microvascular leakage and protected against histamineinduced effects in postcapillary venules and highlights that these oil might be secure sources of food energy.The Chapter II analysed the risk factors associated to dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS) and Framingham score in quilombolas coconut breaker’s families that belong to rural communities of Maranhão State. It is a crosssectional study conducted in Quilombolas communities of Codó-MA, Brazil. Cardiovascular risk factors associated to dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MS) and Framingham score were analysed. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. The study showed hight prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). There was a predominance of isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of HDLc (high density Lipoprotein, cholesterol) LDLc (low density Lipoprotein, cholesterol) in most individuals. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and risk of death from cardiovascular events according to the Framingham score was low in this population. There was no statistical significance between dyslipidemia and hypertension, smoking and education. The study of the population showed that although there was a high prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, the low frequency of other risk factors associated with dyslipidemia determined low frequency of MS and cardiovascular risk by Framingham score in Quilombolas communities of Codó-MA.