Avaliação nutricional e financeira dos sistemas de alimentação de vacas leiteiras em rebanhos do Leste Maranhense

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the feeding system and to evaluate the nutritional status and financial efficiency of dairy cows belonging to dairy herds of the Maranhão east mesoregion, according to two periods of the year (water and dry) and two production strata L / day and Greater, ≥150 L / day). They were selected 19 Units with Milk Production (UPL) that received a visit during the period of the waters and a visit during the dry period. Data were collected by conference and samples of the ingredients supplied (quantities and prices), milk (total production, price, and milk samples). It was possible to identify that the UPL presented pasture feeding and concentrated food use in both periods of the year. There were no differences between water and dry matter for the daily availability of DM per animal (P = 0.85), total forage DM intake per day (P = 0.66) and neither with respect to live weight (P = 0, (P = 0.90) and CP consumption (P = 0.16), which allowed the absence of a difference in NDF consumption from forage (P = 0.90). Between the periods there was a difference between the price of milk traded between the UPLs, leaving the dry period with the highest value (P <0.05). The item revenue less cost with feed (RMCA) per liter of milk produced, presented better result during the dry period when compared to that obtained during the period of the waters. Feeding of the herds belonging to the UPL of the eastern Maranhão mesoregion is predominantly pasture, with food supplementation concentrated throughout the year and higher in the dry season. The higher supply of nitrogenous concentrated ingredients in the waters increased the NUL concentrations and reduced the lactose concentration. The price of milk undergoes oscillation within the year, being higher during the dry period, a fact that influenced the increase of gross income and the RMCA in this period. However, the financial assessment, considering the original production costs and the standardization of a single milk price, eliminated differences in RMCA between the periods.