Avaliação dos serviços de vacinação nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Brasil

Abstract

Objective: evaluate the vaccination services in the Basic Health Units (BHU) of Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study, with BHU and municipalities as units of analysis. Data were obtained on the vaccination service of the BHU and demographic socioeconomic and health of the municipalities. The data sources were: the first cycle of the Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care, the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System, the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and the United Nations Development Program. A descriptive analysis of the variables of the vaccination service and a spatial analysis were performed to identify the presence of spatial clusters related to the adequacy of the vaccination service. The Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) technique was used, whose results were distributed according to the classifications of the municipalities in relation to demographic socioeconomic and health variables. Results: The results showed that vaccination services in Brazil are better in small municipalities, especially in the Northeast 64.95% and the structure in the Central West 89.19%. The worst results were found in medium-sized municipalities in the Center-West region, both for the organization (10.65%) and structure (2.7%). Low-to-low clusters of municipalities with low adequacy of the organization, structure and vaccination service surrounded by others in similar situations were formed, mainly in the North and Northeast regions with lower Municipal Human Development Indexes. Conclusion: improvements in the quality of vaccination services are necessary to minimize inequalities in supply, prioritizing socioeconomically disadvantaged areas and with lower FHS coverage, requiring articulated public policies.