Os discursos dos presidentes da província sobre a instrução pública primária no Maranhão Império no período de 1870 a 1889

Abstract

In this dissertation it is presented the discourses of the Provintial President’s on the Primary Public Instruction in Maranhão Empire in the period from 1870 to 1889 aiming at Understanding the Nature of the configuration of the primary schooling system. It is also considered the socialization school way, the ways and school modes imposed in the local instruction and its resignified ways, so depending on the facts and acts, the texts and contexts and, mainly, the envolved actors. It was collected the discourses on the Public Instruction from the reports of the Provintical Presidents, in order to understand the field of the Instruction in Maranhão and check the problems and perspectives of the primary Public Instruction, if it is considered the government unfollowed measures the temporary actions of the presidents, the lack of adequated schools and the furniture’s, and the need of instructing the teachers at the Escola Normal (Ordinary School) in the period and focus are the specific goals of this paper. It begins from the theoretical – methodological pressupositions of the Culture History and the choice of the reports considered like sources towards the comparison of the paroles of the presidents and their representations about the public septum of teaching; also following the historical trail of the government actions, identifying the implicit intentions derived from the political polarities of belonging of the governors as well as the impact of the performances and actions in the primary public instruction in a process of structuration. It was used the bibliographical inquire based on authors like Castellanos (2010; 2012; 2015), Castro (2007; 2012; 2016), Certeau (1994; 1995; 1998), Chartier (1987; 1999; 2002), Nunes (2006; 2010; 2012), Sousa (2011; 2013; 2015), Viveiros (1838; 1936; 1937) e Meirelles (1960; 1994; 2008) among others who support our analysis and guide along the data discussion and cathegories. It is also included the documental inquire which was essential because brought different alternatives, intentions and contradictions when different sources were crossed, that’s to say the entwine of reports, laws and regulations made possible to detect data, paroles, situations and dates which offered us several understandings possible only in the operability of the historical faets. It concludes that the results showed the continuous need of Educational Public Politics and also budget ones in Maranhão for the credibility and the expansion of the public primary teaching, therefore, the legislations (laws and rules), howener instituted in law, weren’t being real nor guaranteeing the consolidation and the organization of the primary school and the pedagogical practices applied in these situations, in spite of some presidents tried to fight against the government intermittence when they commited then selves to give continuity to the politics already established and get new actions and some intelectuals as well as the private help in order to increase the situation of the public teaching in Maranhão, specifically on the primary instruction.