Vozes à infância silenciada: impactos da hospitalização e/ou atendimento ambulatorial hemodialítico ao processo de escolarização de crianças com insuficiência renal crônica

Abstract

The process of hospitalization and / or hemodialysis outpatient care can cause many impacts to child schooling process with chronical renal failure. Subjection to these processes and the limitations of the disease, suffer contextual disruptions, changes in everyday life, that prevent them from continuing the studies and experienced previous routine due to their clinical needs. Thus, in the midst of health care, hospital procedures and diagnoses, their childhood becomes compromised. Therefore, considering the school and the family as a means of excellence in child development, it sought to analyze the impact of hospitalization and / or permanent hemodialysis outpatient care to children schooling process with chronic renal failures, through the children's narratives. This was a documentary research, field, qualitative in the form of case study. For data collection was used document analysis and semi-structured interviews through recreational resources. These interviews were carried out with ten participating children, four hospitalized six in permanent hemodialysis out patintes served by the Presidente Dutra University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão. The interviews were conducted in the beds of the pediatric wards of the Mothers and Child Unit and durign the hemodialysis process in Unit President Dutra. The data analysis was the basis assumptions of content analysis by categorizing data obtained through the lines of research participants. The results of this analysis revealed that the impacts to the schooling process pegin at the first manifestations of the pathology, that is through the symptoms of chronic renal failures, progressing according to impositions caused by hospitalization and / or hemodialysis outpatient care, through deprivations and Imposed breaks. In this way, the children studied were included in three contextual groups: hospitalized children (40%), children in outpatient hemodialysis (60%) and hospitalized children, and outpatient hemodialysis (10%) and the impacts on the schooling process of these, Varied according to the reality of each one. Thus, the mains challenges presented form theses deprivations and ruptures by the two processes were the impossibility of school attendance due to the need to remain in the hospital; The constant movements from the city of origin to the capital for hemodialysis; Difficulty to enrollment in schools of the capital and side effects of hemodialysis treatment. These challenges are due to the reported impacts, as they generate low school attendance and / or dropout, difficulties in curricular follow-up, loss of school ties, and obstacles to the readaptation, compliance and withdrawal of studies, as well as the psychic impacts related to Family ties. It is concluded in this research that although 40% of the children are hospitalized, the greatest impacts to the schooling process occur for children who require hemodialysis, who are from the interior of the Ludovic capital, as well as cause physical exhaustion And mental, are unable to attend school for longer periods at time, because it is a continuous process, unpredictable and indeterminate. Thus, 60% of children who require hemodialysis are distanced from school, carying from five months to four years, causing greater school deficts, as well as increasing the impacts from this context, compromising the schooling process.