Bioprospecção de pólen de Melipona fasciculata Smith

Abstract

The stingless bees, stingless bees, social, found in tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Australia. In Brazil they are all over the country, especially the North and Northeast Melipona fasciculata Smith (Apidae, Meliponini), popularly known as tiúba, cultivated by indigenous and rural populations for the production of honey, geopropolis and accumulate pollen. This is produced from the natural flower pollen, mixed with nectar and salivary secretions of the bee and popularly used as a nutritional feed and antifungal to treat diseases, colitis, allergic reactions. The study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and pollen of hydroalcoholic extracts of pollen collected by Melipona fasciculata Smith bee. The pollen samples (09) were collected in meliponários in the states of Pará and Maranhão, Brazil, which were separately macerated with 70% ethyl alcohol for 48 hours obtaining extractive solutions, which were filtered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator, obtaining If the pollen hydroalcoholic extracts (EHP). The extracts were evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity by methods DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazila) and FRAP (reduced iron), quantification of the total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride) and total polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) measured by UV-Vis and evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method. Pollens were extracted and subjected to acetolysis for palynological studies. The chemical components of the extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS). The EHP showed EC50 values between 70.73 -398.74 mg / ml and 0.09 ± 0.06% - 1.26 ± 0.13 mmol Fe 2+ / g extract, total polyphenolic content varied between 5, 4 ± 0.01 -14.66 ± 0.04 and 0.59 ± 0.003 -1.10 ± 0.01 for the total flavonoid content. The chemical constituents of pollen extracts identified by GC / MS showed the predominant fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic acids and sugars such as classes of chemical compounds present in the extracts analyzed. The analysis of extracts by LC / MS / MS, it was possible to identify the flavonoids kaempferol, isohamenetina, afzelin, quercetrin, cirsiliol, derivatives cirsiliol, tilirosídeo, gluconic acid, glucitol, quercetrin, isohamenetina-3-O-rutinoside, hydroxyssaffor yellow, besides gluconic acid and glucitol. The EHP 09 (pollen collected in the state of Pará) was the most active against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans. The content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity vary according to the types of pollen grains observed in pollen evaluation. The data contribute to chemical and biological parameters of identity fixing and quality of accumulated pollen by Melipona fasciculata grown in municipos Palmeirândia, Fernando Falcao in the state of Maranhão and Pará as subsidies for future legislation stingless bee products, and also contribute to aggregate values to meliponícolas products.