A INFÂNCIA NO MARANHÃO IMPERIAL: A escolarização pública primária da criança pobre e livre no período de 1855-1889

Abstract

The present study treats of the process of primary education in the capital of the province of Maranhão in the period from 1855 to 1889. Leans on this research in documents as, the president's of the province reports, the inspector's of the public instruction reports, occupations, regulations, laws and ordinances on the public instruction, the director's of institution Asylum Santa Teresa reports and regulations of the establishment House of Students and Authors. They are also used some present speeches in the newspapers published in the capital of the province among the years from 1855 to 1877, as the Star of the Afternoon, Archivo, Echo of the Youth, the Youth and Juvenil Magazine. It is looked for, to put in evidence thinking on the poor and free child's education, the practices and educational methods forms generated starting from the idea that the popular instruction would provide the development of a more civilized and capable society. With the proposal of propagation of the public instruction, the child's education passes the being an important element to mold the behavior, through the promotion of moral changes and cultivation of the character. The construction of a new educational identity is discussed for the childhood that had the pedagogic thought as inspiration source, according to the ideas of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Herbert and Froebel. It is treated of the practices for the children's to discipline before the education process that took place starting from the control that had about point of performance the child's body. (FOUCAULT, 2009). They Come the forms of the government's accomplished of planned form intervention and no-drifted for warranty of the control and fiscalization of the public instruction. It is put in focus the devices (FOUCAULT, 2009) used to make possible the adhesion to the process of primary education through the applicability of the compulsory nature of the teaching. Tries to evidence the tension processes (ELIAS, 1993) generated in the breast of the society before the education process, due to the action of the private initiative in promoting the teaching for the childhood through the creation of societies and beneficent associations that had as objective controls the politicaleducational action around the child. It is analyzed some data on the development of the primary public instruction in the province from Maranhão, demonstrating the inconstancy and inconsistency of the project of enlargement of the primary public instruction. Before the longing and of the failure of the proposal of primary education, it is emphasized the teacher's of the primary teaching performance, the wanted profile and the meanings generated starting from the official and unofficial speeches about her performance in the way of teaching. Due to influence of the his scientific character in the pedagogic field to innovations in the child's education passes the being discussion focus and supposed actions in the differentiated way of applying the teaching, it is conjectured about the supposed adoption of materials that they could reveal a more specific glance about the adoption of an intuitive methodology with focus in the method lesson of things, in other words, germs of a proposal of doing pedagogic and generating educational practices of a vision differentiated about the child's education.