Estudo da obtenção de monoésteres a partir de biomassa de microalga Chorella sp na presença de catalisador heterogêneo a base de Alumina suportado com Cálcio

Abstract

In this study, a catalyst based on alumina and calcium to transesterification reaction of lipid extracts of Chlorella sp biomass in situ was synthesized. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), XRay Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis (EDX) and, X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). The in situ lipid extraction of Chlorella sp was carried on with the following solvents: methanol, hexane mixture of methanol and hexane in the ratio 2: 1. The extraction methods were performed in soxlhet, magnetic stirring, stirring in ultrasound and stirring with heating in Parr reactor. The transesterification reactions were performed in a Parr reactor, the reactions with lipid extract came from 11g extract, 4% of catalyst in relation to the mass of the extract, ratio alcohol / extract 15: 1 volume / mass at 150 ° C temperature for 180 minutes. The reactions of biomass in situ were made and evaluated by a 24 factorial design with central points, the variables were the time of 40-180 minutes 4-10% catalyst concentration, molar ratio alcohol: biomass 3: 1- 6: 1 and temperature between 60-150 ° C. The result was the ester content. The best conditions were: 150 ° C 180 minutes reason methanol: biomass 3: 1 v / m and catalyst concentration 4%. The factors that have significant influence on the conversion of esters were molar ratio and amount of catalyst.