Férmions em uma parede de Bloch

Abstract

This dissertation presents the study of the scattering and bound states for fermion fields coupled to two scalar real fields in (1 + 1) dimensions. This scalar field background is usually called Bloch wall and it comes up as a topological solution to nonlinear partial differential equations. This type of wall is widely used and is also well-known not only in the theoretical framework but also in the experimental context (PÁTEK; TOMÁŠ; BOHÁČEK, 1990). The way to introduze an interaction between the fermion field and the scalar field is through a suitable Yukawa coupling, that is, the interaction field is given by ηΨ(ϕ+χ)Ψ. In this work, we first find the fermionic field equations by applying Hamilton’s principle. Then, in order to find the static solutions of the scalar field equations, we follow the ideas developed by (BOGOMOLNY, 1976; RAJARAMAN, 1979; BAZEIA et al., 2002). For this reason, we review some mathematical methods and basic concepts in order to understand how the Bloch wall arises from the classical field solutions. Regarding the fermion field equations, since we are working in (1 + 1) dimensions, we resort by mapping our problem intot a Schrödinger-like equation in a Scarf II potential (hyperbolic Scarf potential); hence, we are able to find analytic solutions by using the mathematical machinery of hypergeometric functions. After that, we are in position to write both the bound and scattering states. Also, we find massless fermion zero state E = 0, which will depend on the Yukawa coupling constant.