Acessibilidade para Usuários com Deficiência nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Imperatriz

Abstract

Introduction. The Basic Health Unit (UBS) is the place of excellence for the care of the disabled user, but we have found in the Basic Health Units (UBS) and in their surroundings the presence of architectural barriers, which prevent accessibility to health services. Goals. To analyze the characteristics of UBS regarding accessibility to disabled users in the municipality of Imperatriz-MA. Method. The present study deals with a descriptive, quantitative approach to assess the architectural conditions of accessibility in the Basic Health Units of the municipality of Imperatriz obtained in two moments: in the first evaluation of the PMAQ-AB (2012) and in the second moment through the evaluation In loco by the researcher in (2016). Variables related to the following dimensions were analyzed: external accessibility; Internal accessibility; Accessibility for hearing impaired patients, accessibility for patients with visual impairment and accessibility of the UBS environment. Aiming to evaluate the changes that occurred after the adhesion of the PMAQ-AB, three categories of Basic Health Units were constructed according to their participation in the PMAQ-AB. Absolute and relative frequencies were also calculated for the variables. Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata software, version 11.0 and Microsoft Excel (2010). Results: Of the 36 UBS, it was found that 16 (44,45%) operated in rented buildings. External Accessibility: of the 8 evaluated items, there were changes over the years between the UBS that adhered to the PMAQ-AB. It is noteworthy that all 36 UBS, regardless of the adherence to the PMAQ-AB, were modified (adequacy or inadequacy) in relation to the following variables: sidewalks, carpet; Non-slip floor; Regular floor; Flat floor; Ramp and handrail. It is worth mentioning the absence of the ramp access ramp in all the UBS evaluated in 2012, and the presence in only 3 in 2016. Internal Accessibility: presence of adapted bathrooms in 4 (5,6%) in 2012 and 6 (16,7%) in 2016. In 20 UBSs that participated in the 1st and / or 2nd cycles of PMAQ-AB, modifications were made, with wheelchair space inadequate in 5 (25%) UBS and 9 (45%) UBS had adequate Adapted drinking water in 2016. Of the total UBS assessed in both 2012 and 2016, only 7 (19,4%) had wheelchairs available. Accessibility for the hearing and visual impaired: only professionals for the host had improvements in the adequacy, 8 UBS were inadequate for visual signaling. Accessibility of the surroundings of the UBS: absence of semaphores with sound signal 36 (100%); Of pedestrian lanes and lowered guides 34 (94,4%); Of platforms or bus shelters 30 (83,3%); Of space for wheelchairs 3 (9,1%).Conclusion: There are inadequacies for accessibility to users with disabilities in the UBS of the municipality of Imperatriz. The PMAQ-AB was able to potentiate and induce improvements in the structure of the UBS, although in an incipient way, necessitating improvements in the infrastructure of both UBS and its surroundings.