Empoderamento feminino: contribuições do enfermeiro no pré- natal para o processo de parturição natural sob a ótica da gestante

Abstract

As a member of the primary care team, the nurse plays a key role in building the empowerment of pregnant women during prenatal care, and should act as a facilitator of this process, providing women with access to information and the opportunity to participate in decisions about your own body. The research had as objective to understand the contributions of the nurse in the prenatal to the incentive to the feminine empowerment in the process of natural parturition, from the perspective of the pregnant woman. A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out between August and October 2016, with eighteen pregnant women being followed by the nurse in prenatal care at a health unit in the family of São Luís - MA. The results were organized using the Thematic Analysis of Bardin (2010) and analyzed with the support of Empowerment Theory. The following thematic categories emerged from the analysis process: (Re) building paths in search of empowerment; Assuming the offensive direction; Arriving at the final destination. Two subcategories emerged from the first category: the importance of prenatal care and access to information. Of the second category emerged the following subcategories: choices available and the dark roads. And of the third category emerged the following three subcategories: health education strategies, the nurse's significance for the empowerment of the pregnant woman, and the evidence of empowerment. This study demonstrates the recognition of the pregnant woman about the importance of prenatal care, associating the care of this period with safety and tranquility during childbirth. It also shows that the pregnant women did not explain information provided by the nurse, for empowerment at childbirth. The strategies used by the nurse to encourage empowerment were characterized as isolated practices and did not offer sufficient knowledge to prepare the exercise of female autonomy. Given the results, it was concluded that it was possible to understand the contributions of nurses in prenatal care to encourage female empowerment in the process of natural parturition. Guidelines are provided more often by nurses, alluding to many aspects of pregnancy, such as breastfeeding, delivery types, routine exams, and others, but it is not clear that pregnant women have used the information available to achieve empowerment at childbirth. The strategies are fragmented and isolated, reflecting the absence of a dialogue between pregnant women and the professional. It is necessary a joint effort of the nurses and other health professionals who work in the accompaniment of the pregnant woman in the prenatal period, in order to meet the recommendations of the current policy of women's health, in the incentive of natural childbirth, offering a strategy to train the Pregnant woman to exercise her citizenship and the humanized experience throughout the labor process.