Síntese e caracterização de um novo cocristal de gliglazida com trometamina

Abstract

Gliclazide (GLZ) is an oral antidiabetic agent used for glycemic control in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DMII). The GLZ has high membrane permeability and low aqueous solubility, contributing to the reduction of its therapeutic effectiveness. The cocrystals drug synthesis is a form of increasing its water solubility and its bioavailability. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel co-crystal of GLZ using as coformer tromethamine (TRIS). Therefore, it was carried out the computational study using the Gauss 09W software, aiming to study the structural conformation energy of GLZ and TRIS molecules for the investigation of possible interactions between API and coformer. Subsequently, the synthesis of co-crystal GLZ-TRIS (1:1) was performed by liquid-assisted manual grinding and liquid-assisted ball mill grinding process. Subsequently, the co-crystal was characterized by the Powder X-ray diffraction method (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis Simultaneous (TG-DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and fotovisual DSC. Moreover, the stoichiometric ratio of co-crystal was obtained from the construction of the binary phase diagrams using the DSC technique. The computational study showed the major potential energy sites for GLZ and TRIS, serving as a basis for the prediction of possible groups of molecular interaction between the molecules under study. The results obtained by XRPD showed the formation of a new crystalline phase (co-crystal) for the binary mixture of GLZ with TRIS. The binary phase diagram showed the formation of the co-crystal GLZ-TRIS in the molar ratio 1:1. The FTIR and Raman analysis of this co-crystal indicated significant changes in their vibrational modes from which is possible to infer the main sites of interaction by hydrogen bonds involved in the formation of this material. The results of the thermoanalytical study obtained by TG-DTA and DSC showed that the co-crystal presented different thermal properties as compared to the starting compounds, exhibiting intermediate stability to these last compounds. The TG-DTA indicated that the co-crystal has stability until at 150.0 °C. In DSC study, the co-crystal presented a melting point at 144.0 °C, which was confirmed by analysis of fotovisual DSC. In addition, the cyclic DSC showed a crystallization cycle transition in the second heating cycle. Thus, it is concluded that both methods of cocrystallization used in this study yielded in the synthesis of new cocrystal GLZ-TRIS (1:1). These methods presented more advantageous over other methods of cocrystallization, because they require less time of synthesis and less amount of solvent. Therefore, the co-crystal synthesized in this work is presented as a very promising and new pharmaceutical solid form of GLZ for the production of safer and more effective drugs in DMII therapy.